TENTATIVE 10/12/07

Acc 399 Business & Professional Ethics for Directors, Executives, and Accountants

Summer 2008 Miami University Luxembourg

Instructor: Barry Arlinghaus, 317 Laws, 529-6216, arlingbp@muohio.edu

Business and Professional Ethics for Directors, Executives and Accountants provides an understanding of broadened stakeholder-oriented accountability and corporate governance in a post-Sarbanes-Oxley era. The role and impact of accounting scandals and Sarbanes-Oxley developments are examined as well as how ethical decision-making can be improved and be a critical success factor in business strategy and operations. Special issues facing multinational and European corporations operating in different cultures and regulatory regimes are also examined. This course is broadly focused and should be of interest to anyone who majors in business or who plans to invest in the stock market as well as to those entering the accounting profession. Pedagogy includes case discussion and presentations, readings, role playing, and speakers. Prerequisite: none

(However, you must meet Luxembourg program prerequisites). 

Course Objectives:

  1. Explore ethical tragedies and trends affecting business and the accounting profession;
  2. Identify frameworks for ethical analysis and decision making;
  3. Examine the role and ethical expectations for the accounting professional;
  4. Enhance each student’s understanding of ethical guidance available in accounting practice (AICPA, Sarbanes-Oxley, etc.);
  5. Consider how to develop a corporate governance system;
  6. Enhance each student’s understanding of corporate social responsibility;
  7. Consider the above in light of being in Europe.

Text: Brooks, Leonard J., Business & Professional Ethics for Directors, Executives & Accountants, 4th Edition, Thomson Southwestern 2007.

Outside Readings:

Date

 due

Article

5/19

McCoy, Bowen H., “The Parable of the Sadhu,” Harvard Business Review, September-October, 1983, pp. 103-108.

General

Ethics

5/29

Coffee, John C., “A Theory of Corporate Scandals: Why the USA and Europe Differ,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 198-211.

Ethics/

Governance

Europe

6/2

Taylor, Bernard, “Shell Shock: Why Do Good Companies Do Bad Things?” Corporate Governance, Vol. 14, No. 3, May 2006, pp. 181-193.

Ethics/

Governance

Europe

6/9

Arlinghaus, Barry P., “Public Accounting Needs Good Followers,” The CPA Journal, Vol. LXXVI, No.1, January 2006, pp. 6-9.

General

Ethics

6/12

Mintz, Steven M., “A Comparison of Corporate Governance Systems in the U.S, UK, and Germany,” Corporate Ownership & Control, Vol. 3, No. 4, Summer 2006, pp. 24-34.

Ethics/

Governance

Europe

Source of Vignettes (instructor will supply): McCain, John, with Salter, Mark, Character is Destiny: Inspiring Stories Every Young Person should Know and Every Adult Should Remember, Random House, 2005. 

Moral Competency Inventory Personal Self-Assessment: Kiel, Fred and Lennick, Doug, http://www.moralcompass.com. You will be asked to go to this website and complete the inventory, get it scored and bring it to the second evening session in the spring.

LEARNING APPROACHES

Seminar Format: Ethics is a subject that does not lend it-self to lecture. Thus, the class will be conducted primarily using the discussion format. Cases will be assigned to facilitate group and class discussions.

In-class Participation: Prior preparation and reflection accompanied by verbal interaction in class are important components of the learning experience. 125 points are allocated to participation. Fairly evaluating quantitatively each student’s contribution to discussion is difficult. Therefore, you will be awarded 100 of the points if you attend all classes and are prepared for every class (it appears to the instructor that you have read the cases and readings). The remaining 25 points are for providing quality insights and input into the discussion on a regular basis.

Ethics Cases: These cases are the heart of the course. Some cases are designated as “class cases.” The class, as a whole, will lead discussion (some questions to these cases may be assigned to individuals or a student group in order to ensure preparedness and participation). Other cases are designated as group cases. Each group will lead the presentation of one of the group cases. Each group will have one such case. However, students not presenting that case should be prepared to take part in discussion (see participation above).

The group assigned to lead the discussion will also write-up the case and turn in its write-up the day of the presentation. 100 points are allocated to the case write-up and 100 points to the presentation. A template will be distributed so that case write-ups carry approximately the “same workload” regardless of the case. Cases will be assigned randomly to groups the first day of class (5/19). How you approach the oral presentation and “discussion leadership” is up to each group – use your imagination.

Analysis of “Character is Destiny” Vignettes: Each student, individually, is responsible for two vignette write-ups. One will be due prior to leaving Oxford and will be used in the spring evening sessions to get you to start thinking about ethics and for you to get to know other students in the class. The second is due the first day class in Luxembourg (5/19). This will enable you to get to know each other better and to rekindle your awareness of ethical behavior. Each student will make 5-7 minute presentation to 3 other students. This is allocated 50 points (25 points each).  Each vignette is about a person of historical (and ethical) significance and 4-8 pages long. The instructor will supply the vignettes.

The write-up should (you will be given a template for a two-page write-up):

  1. Describe the ethical dilemma(s) faced by the person;
  2. Identify what encouraged them to act ethically and what tempted them to act unethically;
  3. Reason out what the person could have done to act more ethically; and
  4. Describe the effect(s) of the person acting ethically.

Moral Competency Inventory Personal Self-Assessment: Kiel, Fred and Lennick, Doug, http://www.moralcompass.com. You will be asked to go to this website and complete the inventory, get it scored and bring it to the second evening session in the spring. This is allocated 25 points.

Corporate Code of Conduct and Corporate Social Responsibility: Each group will be assigned a company. Each group will obtain information from the company’s website. The company will be a large multi-national corporation headquartered in either the U.S. or Europe. There are two parts to this assignment.

You (group of 3) will provide a two to four page (typed single-spaced but double-spaced between paragraphs) summary of the corporation’s code of conduct (or similar title). At the end of your summary comment on what you think is missing and/or what you think will be difficult for the company to enforce and why. Your write-up is due April 24th.

You (group of 3) will provide a two to four page (typed single-spaced but double-spaced between paragraphs) summary of the corporation’s statement of corporate social responsibility (or similar title). At the end of your summary comment on what you think is missing and/or what you think will be difficult for the company to accomplish and why. Your write-up is due April 24th.

You (group of 3) will present your summaries of corporate codes of conduct and corporate social responsibility to the class in Luxembourg. Presentations should take 12-15 minutes. Each write-up is allocated 100 points and each presentation 75 points. Use your imagination on the presentations. 

Final Exam: In your packet of materials for the course you will be given a list of 40 terms and/or concepts that are covered in the reading assignments (Brooks’ text and outside readings). The same 40 terms or concepts will be listed on the final along with 30 statements. The statements will either be definitions of the terms, descriptions of the concepts, applications of the terms, or applications of the concepts. Many of the statements will be application oriented. You will have to select 30 from the list of 40 and match them to the 30 statements of application, definition, description, etc. This will count for 180 of the 200 of the exam points. A prudent student would do the assigned reading and become familiar with the terms and/or concepts as the course progresses. This exam is closed book and closed notes.

The other 20 points of the exam will be for short essay questions about selected in-class videos - those shown on June 16 and June 23.     

Grading:

* 3 students to a group (assuming 30 students in a section)

Grade

Item

Points

Individual (I)

Group (G)*

Participation

125

I

Write-up Deloitte Luxembourg

  50

I

Final Exam

200

I

Character is Destiny Vignettes:

>Write-up #1 & #2

  50

I

Moral Competency Inventory

  25

I

Ethics Case:

>Case write-up

100

G

>Presentation

100

G

Corporate Code of Conduct:

>Company write-up

100

G

>Presentation

  75

G

Corporate Social Responsibility:

>Company write-up

100

G

>Presentation

  75

G

Ethics Case Assignments:

Group

Case

Due

Class

Bhopal – Union Carbide

5/20

Class

Dilemma of an Accountant

5/20

Class

Kardell Paper Company

5/21

Class

Vioxx Decisions – Were They Ethical?

5/22

Class

Arthur Andersen’s Troubles

5/27

1

Lord Conrad Black’s Fiduciary Duty

5/28

2

Adelphia – Really the Rigas’ Family Piggy bank

5/29

3

Tyco – Looting Executive Style

6/3

4

Nortel’s Audit Committee Was in the Dark

6/3

5

HealthSouth – Can 5 CFOs Be Wrong?

6/4

6

Parmalat – Europe’s Enron

6/4

7

Royal Ahold – A Dutch Company with U.S. Style Incentives

6/5

8

Lang Michner Affair

6/5

9

Italian Tax Mores

6/10

10

Texaco’s Jelly Beans

6/11

Videos Shown and Discussed in Class in Luxembourg:

Date

Title

Length

(year)

Comment/Purpose

Monday

5/26

“Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room”

100 minutes

(2005)

Inside story of personal excesses and utter moral vacuum that posed as corporate philosophy.

Monday

6/2

“Shell Shock: The Failure of Corporate Ethics”

39 minutes

(2005)

Top-level cover-up by one of the world’s (Europe’s) largest corporations.

Monday

6/2

“Inside the European Union: Parliament Under Pressure”

27 minutes

(2007)

Defining European is one of the main challenges for EU Parliament. Also, outlines history of EU Parliament.

Monday

6/9

Frontline: Tax Me If You Can”

60 minutes

(2004)

Big corporations and abusive tax shelters. Two German cities are actually integral part (innocently?) of two of the several schemes. Led to KPMG being fined $456 million and criminal indictment of 21 tax partners.

Monday

6/16 On Exam

“Inside the European Union: Identities – Culture and Nationality in Europe Today”

27 minutes

(2007)

What prevents minority communities from joining EU mainstream? Is there an appropriate balance between assimilation and preserving one’s cultural heritage?

Monday

6/16 On Exam

“Inside the European Union: Help Wanted – Dynamics of the EU Labor Market”

27 minutes

(2007)

With a low birth rate and aging workforce, the EU needs immigrants. Temporary or permanent is a matter of debate.

Monday

6/16 On Exam

“Inside the European Union: No colors – Racism and prejudice in Modern Europe”

27 minutes

(2007)

Racial tension has become a politically explosive and socially divisive threat to stability in the EU.

Monday

6/23 On Exam

“Corporate Social Responsibility: From Principles to Profits”

51 minutes

(2007)

Corporate social responsibility is not a high-minded luxury when bad press puts a chokehold on business growth and profits. Companies such as Shell, DHL, Nike and GlaxoSmithKline – placed on a hot seat by watchdog groups – explain how they deal with environmental impact, ethical supply chain management, etc.

Daily Class Assignments:

May

Topic(s)

Assignment

19

“Character is Destiny Vignettes”

“The Parable of the Sadhu” Bowen McCoy

Vignettes Distributed

See Readings

20

Ethics Environment for Business

Ethics Case: Bhopal – Union Carbide

Ethics Case: Dilemma of an Accountant

Brooks pp. 2-10

Brooks pp. 31-32

Brooks pp. 285-287

21

Approaches to Ethical Decision Making:

Philosophical Approaches

Stakeholder Impact Analysis 

5 Question Approach

Moral Standards Approach

Pastin’s Approach

Ethics Case: Kardell Paper Co.

Brooks pp. 328-334

Brooks pp. 334-341

Brooks pp. 343

Brooks pp. 344

Brooks pp. 345

Brooks pp. 371-373

22

Ethics Case: Vioxx Decisions – Were They Ethical?

The Enron & WorldCom Debacles

“The Whistle Blower: Patriot or Bounty Hunter?”

Brooks pp. 365-367

Brooks pp. 56-87

Brooks pp. 48-53

26

Watch “Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room”

Magnolia:

Video (100 min)

27

Discuss “Smartest Guys”

Sarbanes-Oxley

Ethics Case: Arthur Andersen’s Troubles

Brooks pp. 87-95

Brooks pp. 107-113

28

Threats to Good Governance & Accountability

Key Elements of Corporate Governance & Accountability

Ethics Case: Lord Conrad Black’s Fiduciary Duty

Brooks pp.140-149

Brooks pp.149-169

Brooks pp. 174-177

29

Ethics Case: Adelphia – Really the Rigas’ Family Piggy Bank

“A Theory of Corporate Scandals: Why the USA and Europe Differ” John Coffee

Brooks pp. 177-180

See Readings

June

2

Watch and Discuss:

“Shell Shock: The Failure of Corporate Ethics”

“Shell Shock: Why Do Good Companies Do Bad Things” Bernard Taylor

“Inside the European Union: Parliament Under Pressure”

Films for Humanities:

Video (39 min)

See Readings

Films for Humanities:

Video (27 min)

3

Ethics Case: Tyco-Looting Executive Style

Ethics Case: Nortel Networks Audit Committee Was In the Dark

Brooks pp. 180-183

Brooks pp. 183-189

4

Role of a Professional Accountant

Ethics Case: HealthSouth – Can 5 CFOs Be Wrong

Ethics Case: Parmalat – Europe’s Enron

Brooks pp. 218-232

Brooks pp. 268-272

Brooks pp. 272-277

5

Professional Codes of Conduct

Ethics Case: Royal Ahold – A Dutch Company With U.S. Style Incentives

Ethics Case: Lang Michener Affair

Brooks pp. 232-247

Brooks pp. 277-280

Brooks pp. 281-283

9

Watch and Discuss “Tax Me If You Can”

“Public Accounting Needs Good Followers” Barry Arlinghaus 

Frontline: Video (60 min)

See Readings

10

Conflicts of Interest & Global Independence Standards

“Values in Tension: Ethics Away from Home”

Ethics Case: Italian Tax Mores

Brooks pp. 247-260

Brooks pp. 427-435

Brooks pp. 294-295

11

International Operations-A Significant Problem Area

“Can’t We All Just Get Along: Cultural Variables in Code of Ethics”

Ethics Case: Texaco’s Jelly Beans

Brooks pp. 395-398

Brooks pp. 420-426

Brooks pp. 409-412

12

Deloitte Presentation on “Corporate Governance in Europe”

“A Comparison of Corporate Governance Systems in the U.S., UK, and Germany”

Steven Mintz

D&T Luxembourg office (note: could be 10th or 11th  or following week – syllabus adjusted accordingly)

See Readings

16

Watch

“Identities: Culture & Nationality in Europe Today”

“Help Wanted” Dynamics of the EU labor Market”

“No Colors: Racism and Prejudice in Modern Europe”

Films for the Humanities:

Video (27 min)

Video (27min)

Video (27 min)

17

Discuss 3 videos watched prior class

Corporate Code of Conduct Presentations

18

Corporate Code of Conduct Presentations

19

Release time for trip for MIS course

(note: could be on earlier date and syllabus adjusted accordingly – see Deloitte presentation prior week)

23

Corporate Social Responsibility Performance and Accountability

Watch & discuss “Corporate Social Responsibility: From Principles to Profit”

Brooks pp. 398-403

Films for Humanities:

Video (51 min)

24

Final Exam  

Objective on list of terms and concepts from Brooks and readings list; essay on videos and course in general.

25

Corporate Social Responsibility Presentations

26

Corporate Social Responsibility Presentations